60 Ways - 59. Dispose Of Excess Chemicals Safely

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60 Ways Farmers Can Protect Surface Water

50 ways

57 ways

60 ways

Managing Surface Cover

1. Distribute residue evenly at harvest
2. Avoid fall tillage
3. Determine how your operations will affect residue cover
4. Estimate residue cover in the field
5. Adjust equipment to preserve residue
6. Plant a cover crop
7. Rotate crops
8. Select vigorous perennial pasture species
9. Protect the soil with special-use annual forage crops
10. Protect the soil with rotational grazing
11. Use no-till when renovating pasture
12. Manage timberland to protect soil

Controlling the Flow of Water

13. Reduce soil compaction and increase infiltration
14. Install grassed waterways
15. Plant vegetative filter strips or make critical area plantings
16. Farm on the contour
17. Use contour stripcropping and contour buffer strips
18. Install terraces
19. Install grade control structures
20. Install water and sediment control basin
21. Use diversions
22. Install a farm pond
23. Maintain your dtrainage system to protect surface water
24. Control streambank erosion with the willow-post method
25. Avoid channelization of streams and creeks

Managing Nutrients Effectively

26. Set realistic yield goals
27. Monitor the level of nutrients
28. Credit other nitrogen sources
29. Select nitrogen fertilizers wisely
30. Apply nitrogen in the spring
31. Apply fertilizer with a global positioning system

Managing Livestock Waste Effectively

32. Keep livestock out of water
33. Divert runoff water
34. Collect and store contaminated runoff
35. Install a vegetative filter - in appropriate
36. Determine accurate manure application equipment
37. Calibrate manure application equipment
38. Apply manure wisely

Reducing Insecticide Use

39. Scout fields for insects
40. Base decisions on the economic thresholds for insects
41. Use insect-resistant crop varieties
42. Use crop rotation and plant diversity to control insects
43. Spot-treat insect infestations when possible
44. Conserve beneficial insects

Reducing Herbicide Use

45. Scout for weeds and know their economic thresholds
46. Fine-tune your weed-control program to cut back on herbicides
47. Manage crops to compete aggressively with weeds
48. Don't assume that no-till requires more herbicide
49. Band herbicides and cultivate
50. Control weeds with cover crops

Selecting Pesticides

51. Select the leat-toxic pesticide
52. Determine your soil's potential for runoff
53. Determine your pesticide's potential for runoff
54. Determine the soil-pesticide interaction rating

Handling Pesticides Safely & Efficiently

55. Calibrate your sprayer
56. Consider direct injection and closed handling systems
57. Observe setback zones
58. Rinse and dispose of chemical containers safely
59. Dispose of excess chemical safely
60. Dispose of other farm waste safely

59. Dispose Of Excess Chemicals Safely
	If you know the exact area to be treated, calibrate your sprayer, and mix only as much pesticide as you need, you eliminate a lot of disposal and storage worries. You reduce the chances of being left with haulback tank mixes—the unused pesticide mixtures left over from spraying. If you still end up with excess chemical solution after spraying, apply it to the field, as long as it is in accordance with the label. Another option is to transfer a full or partial sprayer tank of material to a holding tank. Store the mixture for use at the first opportunity and keep a thorough record of the pesticide concentration in the holding tank.
	When sprayers are empty, they usually still contain anywhere from 2 to 10 gallons, or more, of field strength spray that cannot be forced out of the boom nozzles. So always flush out your spray tank at the end of the day or whenever you switch chemicals.
	One way to do this is to attach a separate tank of clean water to your main spray tank so you can rinse out the tank when spraying is done. The rinsate from this procedure can be sprayed on the field as long as you don't exceed label rates.
	If spraying on the field is not possible, store the rinsate in a holding tank. The best way to do this is to rinse your spray tank or pesticide containers on a rinse pad. Sumps would then direct the rinsate to the appropriate holding tank. The next time you use the same type of chemical, you can use the appropriate stored rinsate as part of the carrier or mix water—as long as the recycled rinsate does not make up more than 5 to 10 percent of the spray mix. Consult the pesticide label for suggestions on how to clean the equipment, and beware of potential interactions between cleaning solutions. For example, mixing ammonia and bleach produces toxic fumes. So follow directions carefully.